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This timeline of antisemitism chronicles the facts of antisemitism, hostile actions or discrimination against Jews as a religious or ethnic group. It includes events in the history of antisemitic thought, actions taken to combat or relieve the effects of antisemitism, and events that affected the prevalence of antisemitism in later years. The history of antisemitism can be traced from ancient times to the present day. Some authors prefer to use the term anti-Judaism or religious antisemitism for religious sentiment against Judaism before the rise of racial antisemitism in the 19th century. ==Antiquity== ;356 BCE:Haman attempts genocide of the Jews. (Purim) ;586 BCE: Babylon destroyed the temple in Jerusalem, and captured Judea and 10,000 Jewish families. ;175 BCE-165 BCE: The Deuterocanonical First and Second ''Books of the Maccabees'' record that Antiochus Epiphanes attempts to erect a statue of Zeus in Jerusalem. The festival of Hanukkah commemorates the uprising of the Maccabees against this attempt. ;2nd century BCE: Various Greek and Roman writers, such as Mnaseas of Patras, Apollonius Molon, Apion and Plutarch, repeat the legend that Jews worship a pig, a golden calf, a head, etc. Josephus collects and denies the rumours.〔("Against Apion" ) Bk 2.7〕〔((''Symposiacs'' ) Bk 4.5).〕 ;19 CE: Roman Emperor Tiberius expels Jews from Rome. Expulsion is reported by the Roman historical writers Suetonius, Josephus, and Cassius Dio. ;37–41: Thousands of Jews killed by mobs in Alexandria (Egypt), as recounted by Philo of Alexandria in ''Flaccus''. ;50: Jews ordered by Roman Emperor Claudius "not to hold meetings", in the words of Cassius Dio (Roman History, 60.6.6). Claudius later expelled Jews from Rome, according to both Suetonius ("Lives of the Twelve Caesars", Claudius, Section 25.4) and Acts 18:2. ;66–73: Great Jewish Revolt against the Romans is crushed by Vespasian and Titus. Titus refuses to accept a wreath of victory, as there is "no merit in vanquishing people forsaken by their own God." (Philostratus, ''Vita Apollonii''). The events of this period were recorded in detail by the Jewish-Roman historian Josephus. His record is largely sympathetic to the Roman view and was written in Rome under Roman protection; hence it is considered a controversial source. Josephus describes the Jewish revolt as being led by "tyrants," to the detriment of the city, and of Titus as having "moderation" in his escalation of the Siege of Jerusalem (70). ;1st century: Fabrications of Apion in Alexandria, Egypt, including the first recorded case of blood libel. Juvenal writes anti-Jewish poetry. Josephus picks apart contemporary and old antisemitic myths in his work ''Against Apion''.〔(e-text at Project Gutenberg )〕 ;Late 1st–early 2nd century: Tacitus writes anti-Jewish polemic in his ''Histories'' ((book 5 )). He reports on several old myths of ancient antisemitism (including that of the donkey's head in the Holy of Holies), but the key to his view that Jews "regard the rest of mankind with all the hatred of enemies" is his analysis of the extreme differences between monotheistic Judaism and the polytheism common throughout the Roman world. ;115–117: Thousands of Jews are killed during civil unrest in Egypt, Cyprus, and Cyrenaica, as recounted by Cassius Dio, ''History of Rome'' (68.31), Eusebius, ''Historia Ecclesiastica'' (4.2), and papyrii. ;c. 119: Roman emperor Hadrian bans circumcision, making Judaism ''de facto'' illegal. ;c. 132–135: Crushing of the Bar Kokhba revolt. According to Cassius Dio 580,000 Jews are killed. Hadrian orders the expulsion of Jews from Judea, which is merged with Galilee to form the province Syria Palaestina. The purpose of this change of name was to suppress the Jewish connection to their historic homeland (Judea / Land of Israel). (For other antisemitic actions resulting from this change of name, see events of 1967 below) Although large Jewish populations remain in Samaria and Galilee, with Tiberias as the headquarters of exiled Jewish patriarchs, this is the start of the Jewish diaspora. Hadrian constructs a pagan temple to Jupiter at the site of the Temple in Jerusalem, builds Aelia Capitolina among ruins of Jerusalem. ;167: Earliest known accusation of Jewish deicide (the notion that Jews were held responsible for the death of Jesus) made in a sermon ''On the Passover'' attributed to Melito of Sardis. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Timeline of antisemitism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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